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Polly | 
The media hype has been intense as thousands of Britons have tuned in to see Murray's outstanding performance at Wimbledon this year. Interest has focused on the excellent form Murray has shown in the competition so far - clearly the physical aspects are in place and Murray has proven his fitness in going five sets to beat Wawrinka.

But what do we know about the psychological aspects playing a role in his success? Murray has exceptional levels of drive and focus but spectators may feel confused by the apparent fluctuations in performance - one minute things are going so well, the next, a game has been lost. For most people it is hard to maintain concentration for longer than 30 minutes at a time and yet these matches can go on for hours. Murray's expressive behaviour can give us some insight into how he is dealing with this. He is often heard shouting, 'focus', which indicates two things. Firstly, he is reinstating his concentration. Secondly, he is fighting the psychological barrier which is arguably more important than the physical one. When a point is lost, negative thoughts quickly creep in and threaten to overwhelm high performance. 'Focus' appears to be Murray's trigger word to stop the negative thoughts and reframe them - taking a positive perspective which is critical to high performance.

His confidence and self-belief will certainly be high following his win against Ferrero. He will be boosted by his victories against Federer at their last four meetings. As psychologists we know that this self-belief will certainly improve his performance and chances of winning.

Further insight comes from our knowledge of the characteristics of outstanding performers. In striving for the higher levels, people tend to take more risks, however, once they're in a good position they often take far fewer risks and this can lead to their downfall. The implications for Murray are that he must play the harder and riskier shots to step ahead, but must not become complacent or lose the appetite for those risky but crowd-pleasing returns. The crowd themselves play their own part in increasing his psychological resilience and game performance. The crowd's support has what is known as the 'Pygmalion effect', which means their belief that Murray will win will improve his performance. Conversely, at the same time it is likely to have a negative impact on his opponent.

Perhaps most importantly will be Murray's ability to adapt his game. Outstanding performers know when to change approach and how to do it. We have seen Murray flex his approach to Wawrinka as he increased the shots to his opponent that would exasperate Wawrinka's injured quad. He must also vary his own habits to keep his opponent guessing and break down their weaknesses.

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Keywords:  Performance improvement| Motivation| Leadership

Category:  Development
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Stuart | 
Over the next three weeks we will reflect on the experiences of the leaders who choose to step back down the career ladder to taste life on the front line in Channel 4's series Undercover Boss. We will examine their style, values of leadership and look at the learning points for their own - and others' - organisations.

Poor Andy. At the pinnacle of his career as Marketing Director of Park Resorts - a caravan holiday business set to make great profits off the back of the recession - he finds himself on his knees looking for vomit behind toilets, deep-frying sausages in frankly war-torn kitchens and making an impromptu debut on stage entertaining bored kids and generally having to ad lib his way (badly) through the routines. He was clearly away on the day when the TV crew asked for a volunteer.

Nonetheless, our leader takes to the task bravely and cheerfully, and has plenty of questions for the staff he is supposedly shadowing as a trainee. He discovers, much to his apparent shock, that money matters to people who are living close to the poverty line and that by giving people more freedom they generally tend to use their initiative more freely. He also discovers that some staff work damn hard and long hours without much support, while others feel distinctly less motivated and less inclined to please 'them upstairs'. Great lessons in the bleedin' obvious, as John Cleese might once have muttered.

In all, Andy spends time in a number of different jobs around the caravan parks, learning how to scrub, cook, serve, entertain and apologise to disgruntled customers. He has a genuinely likeable and upbeat attitude throughout the whole experience, and boldly struggles to maintain his positive approach to the week's chores, only occasionally wilting under the pressure that many of his staff are likely to feel on a daily basis. He engages readily with the staff and seems to be able to engage almost everyone in open discussion about their likes and dislikes of the job and the resort.

Towards the end of the experience Andy insists that he has learnt a huge amount from the experience. But that's where the problem for me seems to lie. Andy says that he's learnt a lot, but demonstrates very little that convinces us that he has actually learnt anything at all. What we see are lightweight discussions and superficial actions at the close of the programme. We see a promotion for a supervisor who hasn't actually applied for the promotion and may feasibly not want the promotion. Indeed, the one good idea that emerges during the programme is turned into an opportunity to give staff a quick holiday of their own, rather than replicating their methods company wide. We also see a ticking off for disgruntled staff and, with no shortage of irony, the move of the most outwardly negative employee back onto reception - the front line of customer service. And we witness Sean the chef being sent back to school to earn the certificates that he should actually have had in the first place.

So what did Andy really learn? I got the feeling that Andy learnt that it feels good to muck in and get his hands dirty; that he has some decent employees on the resorts who feel undervalued; and that his employees do still value money above most other incentives. His people skills are strong enough to engage and develop relationships in a short space of time, and he is certainly capable of delivering and doing his share of the hard work.

The missing element for me was Thought Leadership - I'm talking about the area within our own Radar model here. We saw little by way of ideas, limited decisions even when given some clear opportunities to change things for the better, and nothing of a vision or strategy evident in his conversations - even during the albeit brief Board meeting. Instead, his actions seemed to be short-term and lacking in imagination.

I suspect that Andy will remember his days back on the floor for some time to come. I'm less confident about his ability to make the most of the experience and really use what he saw and heard to the business' advantage.

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Keywords:  Performance improvement| Motivation| Leadership

Category:  Development
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Joe | 

With unemployment rates at 6.5% in the UK, 10.4% in Ireland, 8.1% in the US and rising, these figures can make for depressing reading. However, if you look at them in a more positive light they indicate that employment rates are between 89% and 93%.

This raises the interesting question of what are we currently doing to motivate this retained work force? Has employee engagement effectively been put on hold? Was “the war for talent” really just a myth?

Of course businesses need to cut costs in order to survive, but once this ’survival strategy’ has been achieved, business leaders will need to focus on employment rates if they are to formulate their ‘winning strategy’. To do so, they might like to consider the following:

  • Continue to manage talent within the organisation. The war may be at a temporary truce, but talent will always find opportunity and as the economy recovers, talent can quickly migrate.
  • Re-engage and motivate the retained work force. Organisations should be looking to realign goals and objectives, develop managers as change leaders, continue to focus on the full range of reward mechanisms, measure employee engagement with more cost effective tools and provide targeted opportunity for development of their people.
  • Reward business ideas and innovation. Only by harnessing entrepreneurial talent will organisations beat their competitors in the economic recovery.
  • Align and develop your senior leaders for current and future challenges. History has many examples of exceptional leaders who come to the fore in times of conflict or economic hardship - however, it also shows us that many of these individuals were far less successful when leading in times of peace or economic prosperity. Organisational leaders need the competency and agility to both survive and grow.

Unemployment rates may be an ongoing challenge for governments, but it’s the employment rates that are the real challenge for business leaders.


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Keywords:  Talent management| Motivation| Leadership

Category:  Development
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